Replenishment Planning · 08

Par level with consumption variance buffer

Par levels (minimum and maximum stock on hand) are how hospitals, hotels, restaurants, and parts rooms decide when to reorder. Most online par-level calculators use max-usage × lead time. This one also lets you size the buffer for consumption variance, which is the difference between a par level that works on a busy Tuesday and one that works on a long weekend.

MIN MAX PAR ZONE

What this calculator is for

Par level (short for "periodic allocation replacement" or, in hospitality, "par stock") is the simplest replenishment policy in use. You set a maximum (when you stop ordering) and a minimum (when you start ordering). Stockroom staff fill the bins up to max when they hit min.

This works well for:

This calculator sizes both the min and max with a variance buffer. The variance buffer is the addition that online calculators usually skip: it accounts for the fact that consumption on a holiday weekend is very different from consumption on a Tuesday.

The formulas

MAX (par) = (avg daily usage × lead time in days × review period in days) + safety stock

MIN = avg daily usage × lead time in days (i.e., enough to cover until next order arrives)

Safety stock = Z × std dev of usage during review period + lead time

How to use the result

Mark bin locations so staff can see current stock and the MIN/MAX lines. When stock falls to MIN, place an order for MAX − MIN units. If you have a small fixed-order-cost supplier, round the order quantity up to a case pack.

Re-evaluate quarterly. If usage patterns change, the par levels drift out of date and either overstock (max too high) or stockout (min too low) result.

What this calculator doesn't do

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